BOTANYTAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS

Acanthaceae & Labiatae family characteristics and plants list

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Acanthaceae & Labiatae family characteristics and plants list

Acanthaceae

Systematic position
Bentham and Hooker placed the natural order Acanthaceae under the cohort Personnales, series bi-Carpellatae, Subclass Gamopetalae, and the class dicotyledons.
Cronquist placed the family Acanthaceae under the order the same as Scrophularia.
Family Characteristics
Habit
plants herbs or shrubs ( tree –
Strobilanthes sp.), Stem, or branches with swollen nodes.
Leavessimple, opposite, decussate, exstipulate
Inflorescencecymose or racemose
Flowers
bisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous with a prominent bract.
Calyx-: sepals 5, gamosepalous, unequal.
Corolla-: petals 5, gamopetalous,
Bilabiate, imbricate
Androeciumstamens 4, didynamous, epipetalous; anthers spurred and hairy.
Gynoeciumcarpels 2, ovary unlobed, superior, 2 chambered, 2 or more anatropous ovule in each chamber, placentation axile; style 1, terminal; stigma shortly bilobed
Fruitcapsule
Seedattached to a hook-like spurred appendage like structure called jaculator or retinacula
Embryocurved
Plants list
NameAdhatoda vasica
Partsleaves
Usesremedy for cough
NameAndrographis paniculata
Partsleaves
Usesremedy for liver troubles
NameHygrophila Spinosa
Partplant
Usesremedy for liver problems
NameEcbolium viride
Partsroot
Usesremedy for jaundice
NameJusticia pectoralis
Partsplant
Usesremedy for lung trouble
Acanthaceae & Labiatae family characteristics and plants list

Labiatae (i.e Lamiaceae)

Systematic position
Bentham and Hooker placed Labiatae as natural order under the cohort Lamiales, series Bi-carpellatae, subclass Gamopetalae, and class dicotyledons.
Cronquist placed the family Lamiaceae under the order Lamiales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida.
Family Characteristics
HabitAromatic herbs or shrubs with square stem covered with glandular hairs
Leavesopposite, decussate, simple, exstipulate
Inflorescenceverticillaster
Flowerbisexual, zygomorphic, hypogynous
Calyxsepals 5, gamosepalous, irregular, persistent
Corolla
petals 5, Gamopetalous,
Bilabiate, imbricate
Androeciumstamens 4, didynamous, epipetalous
Gynoeciumcarpels 2, syncarpous, ovary superior, deeply 4 lobed and 4 chambered; 1 ovule in each chamber, placentation axile, style – gynobasic, stigma bifid
Fruitcarcerule (1 seeded 4 nutlets)
Plants list
NameOcimum sanctum
Partsleaves
Usesmedicine
NameOcimum kilimandscharicum
Partsleaves
Usescamphor
NameMentha piperita
Partsleaves
Usesmenthol (preparation of medicine)
NameThymus vulgaris
Partsleaves
UsesThymol (preparation of medicine)
NameRosmarinus officinalis
Partsleaves and flowering top
Usesrosemary oil
NameLavandula officinalis
Partsflower
Useslavender oil used in perfume
NameOcimum basilicum
Partsseed
Uses‘Topmari’ (used in making a poultice for curing boils)

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